1、验证节点信息
1.1、查看控制平面组件的状态
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
#controller-manager: 控制器管理器，负责维护集群的状态，例如复制控制器、部署控制器等。
#scheduler: 调度器，负责决定将哪个 Pod 安排到哪个节点。
#etcd-0: 分布式键值存储，用于存储 Kubernetes 集群的所有数据。1.2、查看节点信息
1.2.1、查看节点信息
#查看节点信息
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
linux-servertwo Ready control-plane,master,node 26h v1.20.91.2.2、查看更加充分的节点信息
#查看更加充分的节点信息
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
linux-servertwo Ready control-plane,master,node 27h v1.20.9 10.0.4.16 CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-1160.108.1.el7.x86_64 docker://26.1.3 1.2.3、查看节点详情
#查看节点详情：
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl describe node linux-servertwo
Name: linux-servertwo
Roles: control-plane,master,node
Labels: beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
kubernetes.io/hostname=linux-servertwo
kubernetes.io/os=linux
node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane=
node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
node-role.kubernetes.io/node=
......1.3、查看系统组件
# 集群中的各个组件也都是以Pod方式运行的
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-7f89b7bc75-2k74p 1/1 Running 0 27h
coredns-7f89b7bc75-6xrvb 1/1 Running 0 27h
etcd-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 27h
kube-apiserver-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 27h
kube-controller-manager-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 25h
kube-proxy-bmfzr 1/1 Running 0 27h
kube-scheduler-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 25h1.4、查看所有Pod
1.4.1、查看所有Pod信息
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-lbmdr 1/1 Running 0 5d
kube-system coredns-7f89b7bc75-47d56 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-system coredns-7f89b7bc75-h4c9b 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-system etcd-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-system kube-apiserver-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-system kube-controller-manager-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 5d
kube-system kube-proxy-j7d4v 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-system kube-scheduler-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 5d1.4.2、查看更充分的所有pod信息
# 查看更充分的所有pod详情信息
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
kube-flannel kube-flannel-ds-lbmdr 1/1 Running 0 5d 10.0.4.16 linux-servertwo
kube-system coredns-7f89b7bc75-47d56 1/1 Running 0 6d4h 172.17.0.3 linux-servertwo
kube-system coredns-7f89b7bc75-h4c9b 1/1 Running 0 6d4h 172.17.0.2 linux-servertwo
kube-system etcd-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 6d4h 10.0.4.16 linux-servertwo
kube-system kube-apiserver-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 6d4h 10.0.4.16 linux-servertwo
kube-system kube-controller-manager-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 5d 10.0.4.16 linux-servertwo
kube-system kube-proxy-j7d4v 1/1 Running 0 6d4h 10.0.4.16 linux-servertwo
kube-system kube-scheduler-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 5d 10.0.4.16 linux-servertwo 1.5、查看节点日志
使用 journalctl -u kubelet 命令查看日志信息
# 动态查看 kubelet 日志的命令
[root@linux-servertwo software]# journalctl -u kubelet -f
Mar 19 15:53:58 linux-servertwo kubelet[25155]: I0319 15:53:58.023328 25155 reconciler.go:224] operationExecutor.VerifyControllerAttachedVolume started for volume "config-volume" (UniqueName: "kubernetes.io/configmap/9d6647d1-caeb-448a-9628-c5ac14821995-config-volume") pod "coredns-7f89b7bc75-47d56" (UID: "9d6647d1-caeb-448a-9628-c5ac14821995")
Mar 19 15:53:58 linux-servertwo kubelet[25155]: map[string]interface {}{"cniVersion":"0.3.1", "hairpinMode":true, "ipMasq":false, "ipam":map[string]interface {}{"ranges":[][]map[string]interface {}{[]map[string]interface {}{map[string]interface {}{"subnet":"172.17.0.0/24"}}}, "routes":[]types.Route{types.Route{Dst:net.IPNet{IP:net.IP{0xac, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0}, Mask:net.IPMask{0xff, 0xff, 0x0, 0x0}}, GW:net.IP(nil)}}, "type":"host-local"}, "isDefaultGateway":true, "isGateway":true, "mtu":(*uint)(0xc00001c928), "name":"cbr0", "type":"bridge"}
Mar 19 15:53:58 linux-servertwo kubelet[25155]: {"cniVersion":"0.3.1","hairpinMode":true,"ipMasq":false,"ipam":{"ranges":[[{"subnet":"172.17.0.0/24"}]],"routes":[{"dst":"172.17.0.0/16"}],"type":"host-local"},"isDefaultGateway":true,"isGateway":true,"mtu":1450,"name":"cbr0","type":"bridge"}
Mar 19 15:53:58 linux-servertwo kubelet[25155]: map[string]interface {}{"cniVersion":"0.3.1", "hairpinMode":true, "ipMasq":false, "ipam":map[string]interface {}{"ranges":[][]map[string]interface {}{[]map[string]interface {}{map[string]interface {}{"subnet":"172.17.0.0/24"}}}, "routes":[]types.Route{types.Route{Dst:net.IPNet{IP:net.IP{0xac, 0x11, 0x0, 0x0}, Mask:net.IPMask{0xff, 0xff, 0x0, 0x0}}, GW:net.IP(nil)}}, "type":"host-local"}, "isDefaultGateway":true, "isGateway":true, "mtu":(*uint)(0xc0000a28e8), "name":"cbr0", "type":"bridge"}2、Namespaces
2.1、介绍
命名空间Namespaces主要作用是用来实现多套环境的资源隔离或者多租户的资源隔离。它能够将资源划分为不同的分组，帮助我们在一个集群中划分不同的项目、团队或者环境（如开发、测试和生产环境），从而提高资源的隔离性和管理效率。
2.2、查看创建的命名空间
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get namespaces
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 24h
kube-flannel Active 19h
kube-node-lease Active 24h
kube-public Active 24h
kube-system Active 24h2.3、创建命名空间
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl create namespace blog-dev
namespace/blog-dev created
# 再次查看-命名空间 blog-dev 创建成功
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get namespaces
NAME STATUS AGE
blog-dev Active 17s
default Active 24h
kube-flannel Active 19h
kube-node-lease Active 24h
kube-public Active 24h
kube-system Active 24h2.4、删除命名空间
#删除
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl delete namespace blog-dev
namespace "blog-dev" deleted
#再次查看-发现已经删除
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get namespaces
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 24h
kube-flannel Active 20h
kube-node-lease Active 24h
kube-public Active 24h
kube-system Active 24h2.5、检索指定命名空间
# 查看-检索指定命名空间
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get namespaces blog-dev
NAME STATUS AGE
blog-dev Active 39s
# 查看-指定命名空间详情
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl describe namespace blog-dev
Name: blog-dev
Labels:
Annotations:
Status: Active
No resource quota.
No LimitRange resource.2.6、查看命名空间中的资源
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get pods -n blog-dev
No resources found in blog-dev namespace.
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-7f89b7bc75-47d56 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
coredns-7f89b7bc75-h4c9b 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
etcd-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-apiserver-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-controller-manager-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 5d1h
kube-proxy-j7d4v 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-scheduler-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 5d1h2.7、输出yaml格式
# 查看-输出yaml格式
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get namespaces blog-dev -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
creationTimestamp: "2024-12-10T03:58:55Z"
managedFields:
- apiVersion: v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:status:
f:phase: {}
manager: kubectl-create
operation: Update
time: "2024-12-10T03:58:55Z"
name: blog-dev
resourceVersion: "106051"
uid: 406d2440-b725-409f-9a01-2bf8c606e5cf
spec:
finalizers:
- kubernetes
status:
phase: Active
# 输出一个yaml创建命名空间的格式，但不运行
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl create namespace blog-dev-1 --dry-run=client -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
name: blog-dev-1
spec: {}
status: {}
# 输出一个yaml创建命名空间的格式，但不运行 ，输出到主机blog-dev-1.yaml文件中
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl create namespace blog-dev-1 --dry-run=client -o yaml > blog-dev-1.yaml
#查看输出的文件信息
[root@linux-servertwo software]# ls
blog-dev-1.yaml
[root@linux-servertwo software]# cat blog-dev-1.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
name: blog-dev-1
spec: {}
status: {}2.8、YAML创建
# 声明文件创建
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl apply -f blog-dev-1.yaml
namespace/blog-dev-1 created
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get namespaces
NAME STATUS AGE
blog-dev Active 3h11m
blog-dev-1 Active 9s
default Active 27h
kube-flannel Active 23h
kube-node-lease Active 27h
kube-public Active 27h
kube-system Active 27h
nginx Active 37m2.9、YAML删除
# 删除命名空间-以yml的形式
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl delete -f blog-dev-1.yaml
namespace "blog-dev-1" deleted
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get namespaces
NAME STATUS AGE
blog-dev Active 3h13m
default Active 27h
kube-flannel Active 23h
kube-node-lease Active 27h
kube-public Active 27h
kube-system Active 27h
nginx Active 38m2.10、切换命名空间
# 通过设置默认命名空间，可以在运行其他命令时避免每次都加上 -n
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=kube-system
Context "kubernetes-admin@kubernetes" modified.
# 查看pod
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-7f89b7bc75-47d56 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
coredns-7f89b7bc75-h4c9b 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
etcd-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-apiserver-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-controller-manager-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 5d1h
kube-proxy-j7d4v 1/1 Running 0 6d4h
kube-scheduler-linux-servertwo 1/1 Running 0 5d1h
# 查看当前使用的命名空间
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl config view --minify | grep namespace:
namespace: kube-system
# 设置为默认
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=default
Context "kubernetes-admin@kubernetes" modified.
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl config view --minify | grep namespace:
namespace: default
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.3、Pod命令使用
3.1、介绍
Pod是Kubernetes中可以创建和管理的最小部署单元，也是Kubernetes应用的基本运行单位，它封装了一个或多个容器和存储资源。Pod中的所有容器共享相同的网络命名空间、IP 地址、端口空间以及存储卷。通常情况下不直接管理 Pod，而是通过更高层次的抽象（如 Deployment、StatefulSet 等）来管理 Pod 的生命周期。下面就以安装nginx为例，单独介绍一下Pod的相关使用。
3.2、创建命名空间
首先创建好一个nginx的命名空间，做好数据隔离。
# 创建命名空间nginx
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl create namespace nginx
namespace/nginx created
# 列出所有Pod： kubectl get pods -n
[root@linux-servertwo software]# kubectl get pods -n nginx
No resources found in nginx namespace.3.3、创建Pod
# 创建Pod 通过Pod控制器创建Pod
# 命令格式： kubectl run (pod控制器名称) [参数]
# --image 指定Pod的镜像
# --port 指定端口
# --namespace 指定namespace
[root@linux-servertwo nginx]# kubectl run nginx --image nginx:latest --port 80 --namespace nginx
pod/nginx created3.4、查看Pod信息
# 查看Pods信息
[root@linux-servertwo nginx]# kubectl get pods -n nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx 1/1 Running 0 9m6s
# 更详细得查看pods信息
[root@linux-servertwo nginx]# kubectl get pods -n nginx -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx 1/1 Running 0 15m 172.17.0.68 linux-servertwo
# 查看详情Pod信息
[root@linux-servertwo nginx]# kubectl describe pods nginx -n nginx
Name: nginx
Namespace: nginx
Priority: 0
Node: linux-servertwo/10.0.4.16
Start Time: Wed, 11 Dec 2024 16:16:48 +0800
Labels: run=nginx
Annotations:
Status: Running
IP: 172.17.0.68
IPs:
IP: 172.17.0.68
......
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled 9m29s default-scheduler Successfully assigned nginx/nginx to linux-servertwo
Normal Pulling 9m28s kubelet Pulling image "nginx:latest"
Normal Pulled 8m36s kubelet Successfully pulled image "nginx:latest"in 52.683702042s
Normal Created 8m35s kubelet Created container nginx
Normal Started 8m35s kubelet Started container nginx3.5、验证创建成功
# 根据IP访问nginx，发现nginx启动成功
[root@linux-servertwo nginx]# curl 172.17.0.68:80
head>
Welcome to nginx!
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
For online documentation and support please refer to
"http://nginx.org/">nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
"http://nginx.com/">nginx.com.
Thank you
for using nginx.