使用grafana+loki监控分析Nginx日志

艺帆风顺 发布于 2025-04-02 20 次阅读

安装grafana套件

直接使用docker安装，官网有详细教程。

安装grafana

# 拉取grafana
docker pull grafana/grafana

# 给grafana创建个网络
docker network create grafana

# 启动
docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --name=grafana grafana/grafana

安装loki+promtail

按官方的教程，再结合实际情况安装的loki+promtail

loki

    # 拉取lokidocker pull grafana/loki:2.8.0
    # 下载loki配置文件curl -o loki.yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grafana/loki/v2.8.0/cmd/loki/loki-local-config.yaml
    # 移动到/var/docker/grafana目录下mv loki.yaml /var/docker/grafana/
    # 启动docker run --name loki -d -v /var/docker/grafana:/mnt/config -p 3100:3100 --network grafana grafana/loki:2.8.0 -config.file=/mnt/config/loki.yaml

    promtail

      # 拉取promtaildocker pull grafana/promtail:2.8.0
      # 下载promtail配置文件curl -o promtail.yaml
      # 移动到/var/docker/grafana目录下mv promtail.yaml /var/docker/grafana/

      配置需要稍微修改下

        server: http_listen_port: 0 # 使用本地日志，不需要监听端口 grpc_listen_port: 0
        positions: filename: /tmp/positions.yaml
        clients: # 172.18.0.2是docker network给loki分配的的ip地址 - url: http://172.18.0.2:3100/loki/api/v1/push
        scrape_configs:- job_name: system pipeline_stages: - replace: expression: '(?:[0-9]{1,3}.){3}([0-9]{1,3})' replace: '***' static_configs: - targets: - localhost labels: job: varlogs __path__: /var/log/fhsk.log # 使用指定的log文件

        运行promtail

          docker run --name promtail -d -v /var/docker/grafana:/mnt/config -v /usr/local/nginx-1.22.1/logs/fhsk.access.log:/var/log/fhsk.log --network grafana --link loki grafana/promtail:2.8.0 -config.file=/mnt/config/promtail.yaml

          修改Nginx日志格式

          因为我使用的是grafana的Grafana Loki Dashboard for NGINX Service Mesh面板，所以需要按照他的要求，调整Nginx格式。

          说明：我这里没有使用geoip模块，因为难得搞。

            log_format json_analytics escape=json '{' '"msec": "$msec", ' # request unixtime in seconds with a milliseconds resolution '"connection": "$connection", ' # connection serial number '"connection_requests": "$connection_requests", ' # number of requests made in connection '"pid": "$pid", ' # process pid '"request_id": "$request_id", ' # the unique request id '"request_length": "$request_length", ' # request length (including headers and body) '"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", ' # client IP '"remote_user": "$remote_user", ' # client HTTP username '"remote_port": "$remote_port", ' # client port '"time_local": "$time_local", ' '"time_iso8601": "$time_iso8601", ' # local time in the ISO 8601 standard format '"request": "$request", ' # full path no arguments if the request '"request_uri": "$request_uri", ' # full path and arguments if the request '"args": "$args", ' # args '"status": "$status", ' # response status code '"body_bytes_sent": "$body_bytes_sent", ' # the number of body bytes exclude headers sent to a client '"bytes_sent": "$bytes_sent", ' # the number of bytes sent to a client '"http_referer": "$http_referer", ' # HTTP referer '"http_user_agent": "$http_user_agent", ' # user agent '"http_x_forwarded_for": "$http_x_forwarded_for", ' # http_x_forwarded_for '"http_host": "$http_host", ' # the request Host: header '"server_name": "$server_name", ' # the name of the vhost serving the request '"request_time": "$request_time", ' # request processing time in seconds with msec resolution '"upstream": "$upstream_addr", ' # upstream backend server for proxied requests '"upstream_connect_time": "$upstream_connect_time", ' # upstream handshake time incl. TLS '"upstream_header_time": "$upstream_header_time", ' # time spent receiving upstream headers '"upstream_response_time": "$upstream_response_time", ' # time spend receiving upstream body '"upstream_response_length": "$upstream_response_length", ' # upstream response length '"upstream_cache_status": "$upstream_cache_status", ' # cache HIT/MISS where applicable '"ssl_protocol": "$ssl_protocol", ' # TLS protocol '"ssl_cipher": "$ssl_cipher", ' # TLS cipher '"scheme": "$scheme", ' # http or https '"request_method": "$request_method", ' # request method '"server_protocol": "$server_protocol", ' # request protocol, like HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2.0 '"pipe": "$pipe", ' # "p" if request was pipelined, "." otherwise '"gzip_ratio": "$gzip_ratio", ' '"http_cf_ray": "$http_cf_ray",' '}';
             access_log /usr/local/nginx-1.22.1/logs/fhsk.access.log json_analytics;

            重启后生效。

            进入grafana网站监控

            grafana的默认账号密码为admin/admin，登录后会要求修改密码。

            添加数据源


            配置loki的地址+端口，可以使用docker network inspect grafana查看给loki分配的地址

            然后点击保存即可。

            导入可视化面板

            grafana有很多现成的面板，我使用的是grafana+loki来分析Nginx，所以选择了Grafana Loki Dashboard for NGINX Service Mesh面板。

            加载方式也有两种

            对应到面板网站的这里

            效果展示


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