使用grafana+loki监控分析Nginx日志

艺帆风顺 发布于 2025-04-02 64 次阅读

安装grafana套件

直接使用docker安装，官网有详细教程。

安装grafana

# 拉取grafana
docker pull grafana/grafana

# 给grafana创建个网络
docker network create grafana

# 启动
docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --name=grafana grafana/grafana

安装loki+promtail

按官方的教程，再结合实际情况安装的loki+promtail

loki

# 拉取lokidocker pull grafana/loki:2.8.0
# 下载loki配置文件curl -o loki.yaml https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grafana/loki/v2.8.0/cmd/loki/loki-local-config.yaml
# 移动到/var/docker/grafana目录下mv loki.yaml /var/docker/grafana/
# 启动docker run --name loki -d -v /var/docker/grafana:/mnt/config -p 3100:3100 --network grafana grafana/loki:2.8.0 -config.file=/mnt/config/loki.yaml

promtail

# 拉取promtaildocker pull grafana/promtail:2.8.0
# 下载promtail配置文件curl -o promtail.yaml
# 移动到/var/docker/grafana目录下mv promtail.yaml /var/docker/grafana/

配置需要稍微修改下

server:  http_listen_port: 0 # 使用本地日志，不需要监听端口  grpc_listen_port: 0
positions:  filename: /tmp/positions.yaml
clients:  # 172.18.0.2是docker network给loki分配的的ip地址  - url: http://172.18.0.2:3100/loki/api/v1/push
scrape_configs:- job_name: system  pipeline_stages:  - replace:      expression: '(?:[0-9]{1,3}.){3}([0-9]{1,3})'      replace: '***'  static_configs:  - targets:      - localhost    labels:      job: varlogs      __path__: /var/log/fhsk.log # 使用指定的log文件

运行promtail

docker run --name promtail -d -v /var/docker/grafana:/mnt/config -v /usr/local/nginx-1.22.1/logs/fhsk.access.log:/var/log/fhsk.log --network grafana --link loki grafana/promtail:2.8.0 -config.file=/mnt/config/promtail.yaml

修改Nginx日志格式

因为我使用的是grafana的Grafana Loki Dashboard for NGINX Service Mesh面板，所以需要按照他的要求，调整Nginx格式。

说明：我这里没有使用geoip模块，因为难得搞。

log_format json_analytics escape=json '{'                            '"msec": "$msec", ' # request unixtime in seconds with a milliseconds resolution                            '"connection": "$connection", ' # connection serial number                            '"connection_requests": "$connection_requests", ' # number of requests made in connection                    '"pid": "$pid", ' # process pid                    '"request_id": "$request_id", ' # the unique request id                    '"request_length": "$request_length", ' # request length (including headers and body)                    '"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", ' # client IP                    '"remote_user": "$remote_user", ' # client HTTP username                    '"remote_port": "$remote_port", ' # client port                    '"time_local": "$time_local", '                    '"time_iso8601": "$time_iso8601", ' # local time in the ISO 8601 standard format                    '"request": "$request", ' # full path no arguments if the request                    '"request_uri": "$request_uri", ' # full path and arguments if the request                    '"args": "$args", ' # args                    '"status": "$status", ' # response status code                    '"body_bytes_sent": "$body_bytes_sent", ' # the number of body bytes exclude headers sent to a client                    '"bytes_sent": "$bytes_sent", ' # the number of bytes sent to a client                    '"http_referer": "$http_referer", ' # HTTP referer                    '"http_user_agent": "$http_user_agent", ' # user agent                    '"http_x_forwarded_for": "$http_x_forwarded_for", ' # http_x_forwarded_for                    '"http_host": "$http_host", ' # the request Host: header                    '"server_name": "$server_name", ' # the name of the vhost serving the request                    '"request_time": "$request_time", ' # request processing time in seconds with msec resolution                    '"upstream": "$upstream_addr", ' # upstream backend server for proxied requests                    '"upstream_connect_time": "$upstream_connect_time", ' # upstream handshake time incl. TLS                    '"upstream_header_time": "$upstream_header_time", ' # time spent receiving upstream headers                    '"upstream_response_time": "$upstream_response_time", ' # time spend receiving upstream body                    '"upstream_response_length": "$upstream_response_length", ' # upstream response length                    '"upstream_cache_status": "$upstream_cache_status", ' # cache HIT/MISS where applicable                    '"ssl_protocol": "$ssl_protocol", ' # TLS protocol                    '"ssl_cipher": "$ssl_cipher", ' # TLS cipher                    '"scheme": "$scheme", ' # http or https                    '"request_method": "$request_method", ' # request method                    '"server_protocol": "$server_protocol", ' # request protocol, like HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2.0                    '"pipe": "$pipe", ' # "p" if request was pipelined, "." otherwise                    '"gzip_ratio": "$gzip_ratio", '                    '"http_cf_ray": "$http_cf_ray",'                    '}';
 access_log /usr/local/nginx-1.22.1/logs/fhsk.access.log json_analytics;

重启后生效。

进入grafana网站监控

grafana的默认账号密码为admin/admin，登录后会要求修改密码。

添加数据源


配置loki的地址+端口，可以使用docker network inspect grafana查看给loki分配的地址

然后点击保存即可。

导入可视化面板

grafana有很多现成的面板，我使用的是grafana+loki来分析Nginx，所以选择了Grafana Loki Dashboard for NGINX Service Mesh面板。

加载方式也有两种

对应到面板网站的这里

效果展示


版权声明：本文内容来自知乎：异闻师，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议上原文接及本声明。本作品采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 2.5 中国大陆许可协议进行可。原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39810587/article/details/130289125如有涉及到侵权，请联系，将立即予以删除处理。在此特别鸣谢原作者的创作。此篇文章的所有版权归原作者所有，与本公众号无关，商业转载建议请联系原作者，非商业转载请注明出处。